The Impact of Violence on Reproductive Health in Tanzania and Vietnam (PAVE)
THE PROJECT IS COMPLETED
Project period: 2013-2018
Across the world, violence against women is a pernicious problem with far-reaching consequences for women’s health. The PAVE project set out to explore a culturally ingrained yet relatively invisible form of violence – that which occurs within intimate relationships. The research was carried out in Tanzania and Vietnam, two countries where reported rates of intimate partner violence are high despite explicit government commitment to enhance gender equality.
The project explored the impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) on women’s reproductive health, focusing particularly on pregnancy outcomes and the mental health of pregnant women and new mothers. On the basis of research findings, the project developed suggestions for how gender-based violence can be addressed at the primary health care level in low- and middle-income countries.
The PAVE project was carried out as a research partnership between the University of Copenhagen, the University of Southern Denmark, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, and Hanoi Medical University and funded by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Aims
The overall project aim was to enhance the sexual and reproductive health and rights of women living in low-income settings through enhanced health sector responses to intimate partner violence. The immediate aims were:
- To generate new knowledge about the pathways by which intimate partner violence impacts sexual and reproductive health through interdisciplinary research carried out in reproductive health facilities and local communities in Tanzania and Vietnam, with a view to analyze more general connections between violence, gender, and health.
- To identify key elements of a systematic approach to improve sexual/reproductive health care services for women experiencing violence from an intimate partner.
- To enhance research capacity among sexual and reproductive health researchers in Tanzania and Vietnam with particular emphasis on the strengthening of interdisciplinary research skills.
- To improve research collaboration among the involved countries, with a particular view to stronger South-South collaboration in sexual/reproductive health research.
Approaches
The PAVE project combined the power of epidemiology to analyze distributions of ill health across populations with the capacity of ethnography to document how health and life problems are experienced, interpreted, and acted upon by human beings. This interdisciplinary approach aimed to document the magnitude of the sexual/reproductive health problems associated with intimate partner violence while also reflecting critically on the socio-cultural, moral, existential, and political conditions that shape women’s exposure to partner violence.
Department of Anthropology, University of Copenhagen
Professor, Tine M. Gammeltoft (PI)
Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen
Associate Professor, Dan Meyrowitsch
Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark
Professor, Vibeke Rasch
The Danish Institute for Health Services Research
Project Manager, Katrine S. Johansen
Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Tumaini University, Tanzania
Senior Lecturer, Rachel Manongi
Lecturer, Declare Mushi
Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam
Lecturer Nguyen Thi Thuy Hanh
Lecturer Nguyen Dang Vung
Associate Professor Ngo Van Toan
The PAVE project included three work packages, two focusing on research and one on postgraduate training. All work packages included activities in Tanzania as well as Vietnam.
Read about the overall outcomes for Tanzania here:
- Intimate partner violence among pregnant women
- Intimate partner violence and women’s reproductive health: Research findings from Northern Tanzania
Read about the overall outcomes for Vietnam here:
- Intimate partner violence among pregnant women
- Intimate partner violence, women’s reproductive health and newborn health: Research findings from Northern Vietnam
Read a brief presentation of the research work packages here.
LIST OF PAVE PUBLICATIONS
(August 2020)
PAVE articles focusing on Vietnam
Gammeltoft, T.M., 2016. Silence as a Response to Everyday Violence: Understanding Domination and Distress through the Lens of Fantasy. Ethos 44(4): 427-447.
Gammeltoft, T.M., 2018. Domestic Moods: Maternal Mental Health in Northern Vietnam. Medical Anthropology 37(7): 582-596.
Hoang Thanh Nguyen, Tam Thi Ngo, Quang Viet Nguyen, Toan Van Ngo, Vung Dang Nguyen, Vung Dang Nguyen, Hinh Duc Nguyen, Hanh Thi Thuy Nguyen, Tine Gammeltoft, Dan W. Meyrowitsch, Vibeke Rasch, 2020. Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy in Vietnam: Role of Husbands. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01056-6.
Ngô V.T., Gammeltoft, T., Nguyễn T.T.H., Meyrowitsch, D.V., Rasch, V., 2018. Antenatal depression and adverse birth outcomes in Hanoi, Vietnam. PLoS ONE, November 2. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0206650.
Nguyễn Hoàng Thanh, Ngô Văn Toàn, Nguyễn Đăng Vững, Nguyễn Thị Thúy Hạnh, Trần Thơ Nhị, Tine Gammeltoft, Dan W. Meyrowitsch, Vibeke Rasch. Một số yếu tố liên quan đến hành vi không tiết lộ khi bị chồng bạo lực của thai phụ tại huyện Đông Anh, Hà Nội Factors influencing non-disclosure among pregnant women exposed to intimate partner violence in Dong Anh district, Hanoi. Tạp Chí Y Học Thực Hành (Journal of Practical Medicine) (2016) 11(1027), 231-234.
Nguyễn H.T., Ngô V.T., Nguyễn Đ.V., Nguyễn Đ.H., Nguyễn T.T.H., Trần T.N., Gammeltoft, T., Meyrowitsch, D.V., Rasch, V., 2016. The Association between Intimate Partner Violence during Pregnancy and Maternal Health in Dong Anh District, Hanoi. Vietnam Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy 13(1): 71-79.
Nguyễn H.T., Nguyễn T.T.H., Gammeltoft, T., 2017. Vai Trò Của Gia Đình Ruột Trong Việc Hỗ Trợ Thai Phụ Bị Bạo Lực Do Chồng Tại Huyện Đông Anh, Hà Nội The Role of the Natal Family in Supporting Pregnant Women Exposed to Partner Violence in Dong Anh district, Hanoi. Tạp Chí Y Học Thực Hành Journal of Practical Medicine 1043(5): 67-70.
Nguyễn H.T., Ngô V.T., Nguyễn Đ.V., Nguyễn T.T.H., Trần T.N., Gammeltoft, T., Meyrowitsch, D.V., Rasch, V. 2016. Bạo lực đối với thai phụ: Mức độ ảnh hưởng đến sức khỏe tự khai báo và hành vi tìm kiếm hỗ trợ của họ tại huyện Đông Anh, Hà Nội Intimate partner violence against pregnant women: Impact on maternal health and women’s help seeking in Đông Anh district, Hanoi. Tạp Chí Y Học Thực Hành Journal of Practical Medicine 1027(11): 116-119.
Nguyễn H.T., Vân, T.N., Gammeltoft, T., Nguyễn, T.T.H, Meyrowitsch, D.V., Rasch, V., 2016. Association between Intimate Partner Violence during Pregnancy and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Vietnam: A Prospective Cohort Study. PLoS One 11(9): e0162844. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162844.
Nguyễn, H.T., Ngô V.T., Nguyễn D.V., Nguyễn D.H., Nguyễn T.T.H., Gammeltoft, T., Meyrowitsch, D.V., Rasch, V, 2019. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Vietnam: Prevalence, risk factors and the role of social support. Global Health Action 11:sup3, 1638052, DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1638052.
Trần, T.N., Nguyễn, T.T.H, Ngô V.T., Rasch, V., Gammeltoft, T., Meyrowitsch, D.V., Nguyễn D.H., 2016. Intimate partner violence and depression among pregnant women in Dong Anh district, Hanoi. Vietnam Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy 12(3): 49-57.
Trần, T.N., Nguyễn, T.T.H, Ngô V.T., Rasch, V., Gammeltoft, T., Meyrowitsch, D.V., Nguyễn D.H., 2016. Postpartum depression among women in Dong Anh district, Hanoi: Prevalence and risk factors. Vietnam Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy 11(2): 45-53.
Trần Thơ Nhị, Gammeltoft, T.M., Nguyễn Đức Hình, Nguyễn Thị Thúy Hạnh, 2018. Hành Vi Tìm Kiếm Hỗ Trợ Của Phụ Nữ Có Dâu Hiếu Trầm Cảm Sau Sinh Tại Huyện Đông Anh, Thành Phố Hà Nội Help-Seeking among Women with Signs of Postpartum Depression in Dong Anh district, Hanoi. Tập Chí Nghiên Cứu Y Học 114(5): 74-83.
Trần, T.N., Nguyễn, TTH, Gammeltoft, T.M., 2018. Emotional violence and maternal mental health: A qualitative study among women in northern Vietnam. BMC Women’s Health 18(58) doi: 10.1186/s12905-018-0553-9.
Trần, T.N., Nguyễn, T.T.H, Nguyễn D.H., Ngô V.T., Gammeltoft, T., Rasch, V., Meyrowitsch, D.V., 2018. Emotional violence exerted by an intimate partner and signs of postpartum depression among women in Vietnam: A prospective cohort study. PLoS ONE, November 9. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207108
Trần, T.N., Nguyễn, T.T.H, Nguyễn D.H., Ngô V.T., Gammeltoft, T., Rasch, V., Meyrowitsch, D.V., 2019. Intimate Partner Violence among Pregnant Women and Signs of Postpartum Depression in Vietnam: A Longitudinal Study. Biomed Research International, Article ID 4717485. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4717485
PAVE articles focusing on Tanzania
Holm-Larsen, C.E, Madsen, F.K., Rogathi, J.J., Manongi, R., Mushi, D., Meyrowitsch, D.W., Gammeltoft, T., Sigalla, G.N., Rasch, V., 2018. Postpartum depression and child growth in Tanzania: A cohort study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, October 5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30290065.
Katiti, Victor, Geofrey Nimrod Sigalla, Jane Rogathi, Rachel Manongi, Declare Mushi. 2016. Factors influencing disclosure among women experiencing intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Moshi Municipality, Tanzania. BMC Public Health (2016)16:715
Madsen, F.K., Holm-Larsen, C.E., Chunsen W., Rogathi, J., Manongi, R., Mushi, D., Meyrowitsch, D., Gammeltoft, T., Sigalla, G.N., Rasch, V. 2019. Intimate Partner Violence and Subsequent Premature Termination of Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Cohort Study. PLoS ONE 14(6):e0217479.
Manongi, R., Rogathi, J., Sigalla, G., Mushi, D., Rasch, V., Gammeltoft, T., Meyrowitsch, D., 2017. The Association between Intimate Partner Violence and Signs of Depression during Pregnancy in Kilimanjaro Region, Northern Tanzania. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, August 11, https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517724256.
Rogathi, J., Manongi, R., Mushi, D., Rasch, V., Sigalla, G.N., Gammeltoft, T., Meyrowitsch, D., 2017. Postpartum depression among women who have experienced intimate partner violence: A prospective cohort study at Moshi, Tanzania. Journal of Affective Disorders 218: 238-245
Sigalla, G.N., Rasch, V., Gammeltoft, T., Meyrowitsch, D.W., Rogathi, J., Manongi, R., Mushi, D., 2017. Social support and Intimate partner violence during pregnancy among women attending antenatal care in Moshi municipality, northern Tanzania. BMC Public Health 17:240
Sigalla, G.N., Mushi D, Meyrowitsch, D., Manongi, R., Rogathi, J., Gammeltoft, T., Rasch V., 2017. Intimate Partner Violence during Pregnancy and its Association with Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight in Tanzania: A Prospective Cohort Study. PLoS ONE 12(2):e0172540. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172540
Sigalla, G.N., Mushi, D., Gammeltoft, T., 2018. “Staying for the children:” The role of natal relatives in supporting women experiencing intimate partner violence during pregnancy in northern Tanzania – A qualitative study. PLoS ONE 13(6): e0198098. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198098
Cross-country PAVE articles
Gammeltoft, T.M., 2018. Belonging: Comprehending Subjectivity in Vietnam and Beyond. Social Analysis 61(1): 76-95.
Rasch, V., Ngô, V.T., Nguyễn, T.T.H., Manongi, R., Mushi, D., Meyrowitsch, D., Gammeltoft, T., Wu, C.S., 2018. Intimate Partner Violence (IPV): The Validity of an IPV Screening Instrument Utilized among Pregnant Women in Tanzania and Vietnam. PLoS ONE 13(2): e0190856. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190856
Wesselhoeft, R., Madsen, F.K., Lichtenstein, M.B., Sibbersen, C., Manongi, R., Mushi, D, Nguyen, H.T., Toan, N.V., Kyhl, H., Bilenberg, N., Meyrowitsch, D., Gammeltoft, T., Rasch, V., 2020. Postnatal Depressive Symptoms Display Marked Similarities across Countries. Journal of Affective Disorders 261: 58-66.
Tine Gammeltoft
Department of Anthropology
Mail: tine.gammeltoft@anthro.ku.dk
Phone: +45 35 32 34 74
Funded by
The Impact of Violence on Reproductive Health in Tanzania and Vietnam (PAVE) was funded by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark (FFU)
Project: The impact of Violence on Reproductive Health in Tanzania and Vietnam (PAVE)
Project leader: Tine M. Gammeltoft
Start: 2013
End: 2018