This volume, the third in the series, contains the proceedings of the conference 'Law before Gratian' and covers a wide range of topics from individual and local studies to broader reflections on the status and function of law in medieval European societies before the scholastic legal 'revolution' of the later twelfth century. Seeking to broaden our view of what constituted law in this period, the articles examine these earlier developments in their own right and provide new insights into the variety and complexity of early and high medieval approaches to law and jurisprudence. Contributors to this volume are Maurizio Lupoi (Genova), Alic Rio (Oxford), Charles Radding (Michigan), Martin Brett (Cambridge), Bruce Brasington (West Texas A&M) and Dominique Bauer (Ghent).